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Aaron T. Beck
Aaron Temkin Beck (born July 18, 1921) is an American psychiatrist and a professor emeritus in the department of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania.〔(2004 - Aaron Beck ), ''The Grawemeyer Awards'', Louisville, KY: University of Louisville/Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary, 2009, Retrieved 21 February 2014.〕〔(Aaron Beck bio ), ''The Heinz Awards'' Undated, Retrieved 21 February 2014.〕 He is regarded as the father of cognitive therapy,〔〔 and his pioneering theories are widely used in the treatment of clinical depression. Beck also developed self-report measures of depression and anxiety including Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Hopelessness Scale,〔Beck A.T. (1988). ''Beck Hopelessness Scale.'' San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.〕 Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Youth Inventories.〔("Beck Scales for Adults and Children" ) Beck Institute for Cognitive Therapy and Research. Retrieved 11 January 2007.〕 Beck is noted for his research in psychotherapy, psychopathology, suicide, and psychometrics, which led to his creation of cognitive therapy and the BDI, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring depression severity. Beck collaborated with psychologist Maria Kovacs in the development of the Children's Depression Inventory, which used the BDI as a model.〔Kovacs, M. (1992). ''Children's Depression Inventory.'' North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems, Inc.〕〔Kovacs, M., & Beck, A.T. (1977). "An empirical-clinical approach toward a definition of childhood depression." In Schulterbrandt, J.G., & Raskin, A. (Eds.). ''Depression in children: Diagnosis, treatment, and concept models.'' New York, NY: Raven.〕 Beck's work at the University of Pennsylvania inspired Martin Seligman to refine his own cognitive techniques and exercises, and later work on learned helplessness.〔Hirtz, R. (1999). (Martin Seligman's journey: From learned helplessness to learned happiness ), ''The Pennsylvania Gazette'', Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania, January/February 1999, Retrieved 21 February 2014.〕 Beck is the President Emeritus of the non-profit Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy〔(About Beck Institute: Leadership ), ''Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy'', Bala Cynwyd, PA: Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 2014, Retrieved 21 February 2014.〕 and the Honorary President of the Academy of Cognitive Therapy,〔(Academy of Cognitive Therapy ), ''Academy of Cognitive Therapy'', Philadelphia, PA: Academy of Cognitive Therapy, 2014, Retrieved 21 February 2014.〕 which certifies qualified cognitive therapists.
==Background and personal life==
Beck was born in Providence, Rhode Island, USA, the youngest child of four siblings to Russian Jewish immigrants. Beck was married in 1950 to the Honorable Phyllis W. Beck, who was the first woman judge on the appellate court of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.〔(Faculty detail: Hon. Phyllis W. Beck's bio ), ''Marino Legal'', New York, NY: Marino Legal, 2014, Retrieved 21 February 2014.〕 They have four adult children, Roy, Judy, Dan, and Alice.〔(Aaron T. Beck, M.D. ), ''Aaron T. Beck Psychopathology Research Center'', Philadelphia, PA: Aaron T. Beck Psychopathology Research Center, 2014, Retrieved 21 February 2014.〕 Beck's daughter, Judith S. Beck, Ph.D., is a prominent cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) educator and clinician, who wrote the basic text in the field. She is President of the non-profit Beck Institute.〔(Beck Institute leadership ), ''Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy'', Bala Cynwyd, PA: Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 2014, Retrieved 21 February 2014.〕
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